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PuroAir

We are investigating PuroAir for allegedly attempting to conceal critical reviews and adverse news from Google by improperly submitting copyright takedown notices. This includes potential violations such as impersonation, fraud, and perjury.

PuroAir

PARTIES INVOLVED: PuroAir

ALLEGATIONS: Perjury, Fraud, Impersonation

INCIDENT DATE: 06 Jul 2024

INVESTIGATED BY: Ethan Katz

TOOLS USED: Lumen, FakeDMCA, SecurityTrails

CASE NO: 9033/A/2024

CRIME TYPE: Intellectual Property Scam

PUBLISHED ON: 25 Nov 2024

REPORTED BY: FakeDMCA.com

JURISDICTION: USA

A summary of what happened?

PuroAir is a company specializing in air purifiers, notably the PuroAir HEPA 14 240 model. While the brand has gained attention, several concerns and criticisms have been raised regarding its products:

  1. Performance and Coverage Discrepancies: The PuroAir HEPA 14 240 claims to effectively purify spaces up to 1,115 square feet. However, independent testing by HouseFresh indicates that it is more suitable for rooms around 284 square feet, suggesting potential overstatement of its capabilities.
  2. Build Quality Issues: Comparisons have been made between the PuroAir 240 and the Levoit Core 300, with observations that the PuroAir model may have inferior build quality, raising questions about its durability and design integrity.
  3. Marketing and Transparency Concerns: Investigations into PuroAir’s marketing strategies have uncovered a lack of transparency regarding the company’s ownership and manufacturing details. Additionally, some media endorsements featured on PuroAir’s website could not be substantiated, leading to skepticism about the authenticity of these claims.
  4. Filter Replacement Costs: Users have noted that replacement filters for PuroAir purifiers can be relatively expensive, which may affect the long-term affordability of maintaining the device.
  5. Effectiveness in Larger Spaces: Some customers have reported that the purifier’s performance diminishes in larger areas, contradicting the company’s marketing claims about its coverage capabilities.

These concerns suggest that while PuroAir’s products have certain appealing features, potential customers should carefully evaluate these factors in relation to their specific needs and consider seeking additional reviews or testing data before making a purchase decision.

 

PuroAir Fake DMCA

 

 

 

Analyzing the Fake Copyright Notice(s)

Our team collects and analyses fraudulent copyright takedown requests, legal complaints, and other efforts to remove critical information from the internet. Through our investigative reporting, we examine the prevalence and operation of an organized censorship industry, predominantly funded by criminal entities, oligarchs, and disreputable businesses or individuals. Our findings allow internet users to gain insight into these censorship schemes’ sources, methods, and underlying objectives.

 

 

 

What was PuroAir trying to hide?

PuroAir‘s attempts to hide unfavourable content through the misuse of copyright notices while allegedly engaging in perjury present serious legal concerns. These actions suggest a calculated attempt to manipulate legal systems to suppress free speech, a fundamental violation of copyright law principles and an abuse of legal processes. The use of such tactics not only undermines the integrity of copyright protection but also potentially constitutes perjury, further entangling PuroAir in legal accountability. Let’s examine the information PuroAir may be trying to remove from the internet –

Investigative Report: PuroAir – Scrutinizing the Claims, Concerns, and Controversies

Introduction

PuroAir, a relatively new entrant in the air purification market, has marketed its products as premium solutions for improving indoor air quality. Among its most prominent offerings is the PuroAir HEPA 14 240, touted for its high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration and expansive coverage claims. Despite the promising advertisements, PuroAir has faced mounting scrutiny over its product performance, transparency in marketing, and overall customer satisfaction. This investigation explores the various criticisms, complaints, and concerns surrounding PuroAir and its operations, aiming to provide a comprehensive view of the challenges facing the company.


Key Allegations and Complaints

1. Performance and Coverage Misrepresentation

PuroAir’s HEPA 14 240 claims to purify spaces up to 1,115 square feet, a significant selling point in its advertising. However, independent reviews, including an evaluation by HouseFresh, have revealed discrepancies. Testing suggests that the purifier performs optimally in spaces closer to 284 square feet, far below the advertised capacity. This raises concerns about potential overstatement of its capabilities.

  • Impact on Consumer Trust: Misleading claims can erode customer confidence, particularly for a product marketed to improve health and wellness.
  • Market Comparison: Competing products in similar price ranges have been noted to provide more accurate coverage information, putting PuroAir at a disadvantage in credibility.

2. Build Quality Concerns

Multiple reviewers have drawn comparisons between PuroAir purifiers and models from competitors, such as the Levoit Core 300. Criticisms include:

  • Inferior materials used in construction.
  • A design that feels less durable and less aesthetically pleasing compared to competitors.

These issues have prompted questions about whether PuroAir prioritizes cost-cutting over long-term customer satisfaction and product longevity.

3. Transparency Issues

A major area of concern is PuroAir’s lack of transparency regarding its corporate structure and manufacturing origins. Efforts to uncover the company’s ownership and production practices have yielded limited information. Additionally:

  • Unverified Media Endorsements: Claims of media recognition on PuroAir’s website have been disputed, with reviewers unable to substantiate some of the endorsements.
  • Lack of Background Information: Customers and industry analysts alike have noted difficulty in finding credible, detailed information about PuroAir’s history and operational practices.

4. Customer Complaints About Effectiveness

Customer reviews have highlighted concerns about the purifier’s actual performance:

  • Reports of minimal improvement in air quality in larger spaces.
  • Limited effectiveness in capturing pet dander and other common allergens, contrary to marketing claims.

These experiences contradict the purifier’s advertised “medical-grade HEPA 14 filtration,” leading to dissatisfaction among users with specific air purification needs.

5. Filter Replacement Costs

The cost of maintaining PuroAir devices through replacement filters has also drawn criticism. Users have expressed frustration over high prices for replacement filters, particularly when these costs are not clearly disclosed upfront. This aspect can significantly affect the affordability of PuroAir products over time.

6. Customer Service and Warranty Support

Online forums and review platforms have featured complaints about PuroAir’s customer service:

  • Slow response times to inquiries and warranty claims.
  • Limited options for troubleshooting or technical support.
  • A perceived lack of accountability for defective units.

These issues compound customer dissatisfaction and reflect poorly on the brand’s commitment to post-purchase care.


Analysis of Marketing Practices

PuroAir’s marketing strategy has emphasized its advanced HEPA filtration and broad coverage capabilities, appealing to consumers concerned about pollutants, allergens, and overall air quality. However, the following elements have undermined its credibility:

  • Exaggerated Claims: The mismatch between advertised and tested coverage areas indicates a need for more honest marketing practices.
  • Ambiguous Origins: With limited information about where and how PuroAir products are manufactured, consumers have expressed doubts about the company’s authenticity.
  • Questionable Endorsements: Unverified claims of media recognition can mislead potential buyers, potentially violating consumer protection standards.

Potential Legal and Ethical Implications

While there have been no publicly reported lawsuits or regulatory actions against PuroAir as of now, the company’s marketing practices and performance claims could potentially invite legal challenges. Misleading advertising, for instance, may violate consumer protection laws, depending on jurisdiction.

Ethically, PuroAir’s lack of transparency and unresolved customer grievances reflect poorly on its commitment to integrity and customer satisfaction.


Industry Context and Comparisons

In an industry dominated by well-established players such as Dyson, Levoit, and Blueair, PuroAir faces stiff competition. These competitors often provide greater transparency regarding their product specifications, manufacturing practices, and corporate background. Additionally:

  • Competitors generally offer more robust warranties and customer support systems.
  • Independent testing of competitor products often aligns more closely with advertised claims, further highlighting discrepancies in PuroAir’s practices.

Recommendations for Improvement

To rebuild consumer trust and establish itself as a credible player in the air purification market, PuroAir should consider the following:

  1. Enhanced Product Testing: Independent third-party testing should verify all performance claims before marketing.
  2. Transparency: Clear information about corporate ownership, manufacturing origins, and media endorsements should be made available.
  3. Improved Customer Service: Faster response times and proactive warranty support can alleviate frustration among customers.
  4. Realistic Marketing: Advertising should focus on the product’s actual capabilities rather than exaggerated claims.
  5. Cost Transparency: Clear disclosures regarding filter replacement costs and overall maintenance expenses can improve customer satisfaction.

Conclusion

PuroAir’s entry into the competitive air purification market has been overshadowed by significant concerns about its product performance, transparency, and customer care. While the company offers features that appeal to health-conscious consumers, its shortcomings in key areas threaten its reputation and market viability. By addressing these issues head-on, PuroAir can begin to restore confidence and align its operations with the high standards expected in this critical industry. Until then, potential customers are advised to thoroughly research the brand and consider alternative options before making a purchase.

 

 

 

How do we counteract this malpractice?

Once we ascertain the involvement of PuroAir (or actors working on behalf of PuroAir), we will inform PuroAir of our findings via Electronic Mail.

Our preliminary assessment suggests that PuroAir may have engaged a third-party reputation management agency or expert, which, either independently or under direct authorization from PuroAir, initiated efforts to remove adverse online content, including potentially fraudulent DMCA takedown requests. We will extend an opportunity to PuroAir to provide details regarding their communications with the agency or expert, as well as the identification of the individual(s) responsible for executing these false DMCA notices.

Failure to respond in a timely manner will necessitate a reassessment of our initial assumptions. In such an event, we will be compelled to take appropriate legal action to rectify the unlawful conduct and take the following steps –

 

 

Since PuroAir made such efforts to hide something online, it seems fit to ensure that this article and sensitive information targeted online by these events get a lot more exposure and traffic than what it would have received originally

We hope this becomes an excellent case study for the Streisand effect…The key idea behind the Streisand effect is that efforts to restrict information can backfire, often causing the information to gain more attention than it would have otherwise. This effect is widespread in the digital age, where users quickly notice and spread censorship efforts on social media and other platforms. Trying to suppress something can unintentionally lead to it becoming more visible, which PuroAir is finding out the hard way.

Potential Consequences for PuroAir

Under Florida Statute 831.01, the crime of Forgery is committed when a person falsifies, alters, counterfeits, or forges a document that carries “legal efficacy” with the intent to injure or defraud another person or entity.

Forging a document is considered a white-collar crime. It involves altering, changing, or modifying a document to deceive another person. It can also include passing along copies of documents that are known to be false. In many states in the US, falsifying a document is a crime punishable as a felony.

 

 

Additionally, under most laws, “fraud on the court” is where “a party has sentiently set in motion some unconscionable scheme calculated to interfere with the judicial system’s ability impartially to adjudicate a matter by improperly influencing the trier of fact or unfairly hampering the presentation of the opposing party’s claim or defense.”  Cox v. Burke, 706 So. 2d 43, 46 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998) (quoting Aoude v. Mobil Oil Corp., 892 F.2d 1115, 1118 (1st Cir. 1989)).

Is PuroAir Committing a Cyber Crime?

Faced with these limitations, some companies like PuroAir have gone to extreme lengths to fraudulently claim copyright ownership over a negative review in the hopes of taking it down.

Fake DMCA notices have targeted articles highlighting the criminal activity of prominent people to hide their illegal behavior. These people, which include US, Russian, and Khazakstani politicians as well as members from elite circles including the mafia and those with massive financial power, are all connected – and alleged corruption ranging from child abuse to sexual harassment is exposed when exploring evidence found at these URLs. It appears there’s a disturbing level of influence being exerted here that needs further investigation before justice can be served. PuroAir is certainly keeping interesting company here….

CompanyNames Fake DMCA

The DMCA takedown process requires that copyright owners submit a takedown notice to an ISP identifying the allegedly infringing content and declaring, under penalty of perjury, that they have a good faith belief that the content is infringing. The ISP must then promptly remove or disable access to the content. The alleged infringer can then submit a counter-notice, and if the copyright owner does not take legal action within 10 to 14 days, the ISP can restore the content.

Since these platforms are predominantly based in the U.S., the complaints are typically made under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), which requires online service providers and platforms to react immediately to reports or violations. Big Tech companies rarely have systems in place to assess the merit of each report. Instead, all bad actors need to do is clone a story, backdate it, and then demand the real thing be taken down.

 

Reputation Agency's Modus Operandi

The fake DMCA notices we found always use the “back-dated article” technique. With this technique, the wrongful notice sender (or copier) creates a copy of a “true original” article and back-dates it, creating a “fake original” article (a copy of the true original) that, at first glance, appears to have been published before the true original.

Then, based on the claim that this backdated article is the “original,” the scammers send a DMCA to the relevant online service providers (e.g. Google), alleging that the ‘true’ original is the copied or “infringing” article and that the copied article is the “original,” requesting the takedown of the ‘true’ original article. After sending the DMCA request, the person who sent the wrong notice takes down the fake original URL, likely to make sure that the article doesn’t stay online in any way. If the takedown notice is successful, the disappearance from the internet of information is most likely to be legitimate speech.

As an integral part of this scheme, the ‘reputation management’ company hired by PuroAir creates a website that purports to be a ‘news’ site. This site is designed to look legitimate at a glance, but any degree of scrutiny reveals it as the charade it is.

The company copies the ‘negative’ content and posts it “on the fake ‘news’ site, attributing it to a separate author,” then gives it “a false publication date on the ‘news’ website that predated the original publication.

The reputation company then sent Google a Digital Millennium Copyright Act notice claiming the original website infringed copyright. After a cursory examination of the fake news site, Google frequently accepts the notice and delists the content.

 

 

In committing numerous offences, PuroAir either premeditated actions or were unaware of the consequences. Despite hiring an agency to make Google disregard any negative information about PuroAir, ignorance does not excuse this wrongdoing.

Fake DMCA notices have targeted articles highlighting the criminal activity of prominent people to hide their illegal behavior. These people, which include US, Russian, and Khazakstani politicians as well as members from elite circles including the mafia and those with massive financial power, are all connected – and alleged corruption ranging from child abuse to sexual harassment is exposed when exploring evidence found at these URLs. It appears there’s a disturbing level of influence being exerted here that needs further investigation before justice can be served. FSMSmart is certainly keeping interesting company here.

 

The Reputation Laundering

Rogue Reputation agencies use spurious copyright claims and fake legal notices to remove and obscure articles linking clients to allegations of tax avoidance, corruption, and drug trafficking. Most of these reputation agencies are based offshore, mainly in Russia, India, and Eastern Europe, and they do not worry about complying with US-based laws.

The content in all of the articles for which the fraudulent DMCA notices have been sent relates to allegations of criminal allegations, including corruption, child abuse, sexual harassment, human trafficking and financial fraud against businesses and individuals with ultra-high net worth.

 

 

In addition to the misuse of the DMCA takedown process, there is a notable absence of enforcement concerning perjury violations. The statutory requirement related to perjury is designed to deter copyright holders from submitting fraudulent or knowingly false takedown requests, as they may face legal consequences for making false declarations under penalty of perjury. However, to date, there have been no known instances of any individual being prosecuted for perjury in connection with the submission of false DMCA takedown notices.

This lack of enforcement has emboldened copyright holders to exploit the DMCA takedown process to suppress dissent, criticism, or other unfavorable content, without fear of legal repercussions.

Some of the people and businesses who have employed this tactic to remove legitimate content from Google illegally include a Spanish businessman-turned-cocaine-trafficker, Organised crime, an Israeli-Argentine banker accused of laundering money for Hugo Chávez’s regime, a French “responsible” mining company accused of tax evasion, child molesters and sexual predators. PuroAir is in great company ….

What else is PuroAir hiding?

We encourage you to ‘Dork‘ Google by searching for keyword combinations such as [PuroAir] + {Negative Keyword, such as Scam, Fraud, Complaints, Lawsuit, Sanction, etc} on Google. It’s likely if you scroll down to the bottom of this Google search results, you’ll stumble upon this Legal Takedown notice (pictured below)

 

 

To make such an investigation possible, we encourage more online service providers to come forward and share copies of content removal requests with industry experts and researchers. If you have any information on PuroAir that you want to share with experts and journalists, kindly email the author directly at [email protected].

All communications are strictly confidential and safeguarded under a comprehensive Whistleblower Policy, ensuring full protection and anonymity for individuals who provide information.

Authorities we may contact and share this report with for further actions

GOOGLE LEGAL HEAD

Halimah DeLaine Prado

NEWS DESK

Washington Post & NY Times

The above decision-makers and authorities will be provided a comprehensive dossier of our findings, including anonymously submitted evidence and tips. We invite journalists to contact us to receive a copy of our complete investigation here

Credits and Acknowledgement

16/10/2024

Many thanks to FakeDMCA.com and Lumen for providing access to their database.

Photos and Illustrations provided by DALL-E 3 – “a representation of PuroAir censoring the internet and committing cyber crimes.”

  • We’ve reached out to PuroAir for a comment or rebuttal regarding this investigation. It will strongly suggest they were behind the takedown attempt if they remain silent.

    • Our investigative report on PuroAir‘s efforts to suppress online speech is significant, as it raises serious concerns about its integrity. The findings suggest that PuroAir has engaged in questionable practices, including potential perjury, impersonation, and fraud, in a misguided attempt to manage or salvage its reputation.

    • We intend to file a counternotice to reinstate the removed article(s). While this particular instance is relatively straightforward, it is important to note that, in other cases, the overwhelming volume of automated DMCA takedown notices can significantly hinder the ability of affected parties to respond—especially for those not large media organizations.

    • You need an account with fakeDMCA.com and Lumen to access the research data. However, accounts are not widely available since these non-profit organisations manage large databases that could be susceptible to misuse. Nevertheless, they do offer access to non-profits and researchers.

    • It’s unclear why U.S. authorities have yet to act against these rogue reputation agencies, whose business model seems rooted in fraudulent practices.

  • We’ve reached out to PuroAir for a comment or rebuttal regarding this investigation. It will strongly suggest they were behind the takedown attempt if they remain silent.

About the Author

16/10/2024

The author is affiliated with Harvard University and serves as a researcher at both Lumen and FakeDMCA.com. In his personal capacity, he and his team have been actively investigating and reporting on organized crime related to fraudulent copyright takedown schemes. Additionally, his team provides advisory services to major law firms and is frequently consulted on matters pertaining to intellectual property law. He can be reached at [email protected] directly.

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